How can schools support pupils who confuse mathematical symbols?

Check the symbol in context

Ask the pupil to show a written statement with objects or a drawing. Compare recognizing the sign, reading the whole statement and explaining its meaning. Check visual layout and language before assuming that all symbol errors reflect the same difficulty.

Contrast meaningful examples

Build two collections of seven and four, then match 7 > 4 and 4 < 7. Ask what remains the same when positions reverse. For an operation sign, show the action and connect it with the equation rather than teaching isolated symbol names.

Vary the presentation

Use different quantities and representations, asking the pupil to spot a statement that contradicts them. Record explanation as well as sign selection. Keep a concise reference available while the meaning becomes secure, and introduce additional notation only with a clear connection to the concept.